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Realtek Supports Charity with a Smile. CSR Report Download. Employee Training. About Realtek. Realtek in Brief. Technological Strengths. Enabling Logitech Flow is quick and easy. You need to pair your mouse via Unifying or Bluetooth to your computers. Brother mfc jdw print driver - Driver Download for your Windows System from a verified website. This process also varies according to the host operating system on the generic driver is running.
The second role of the driver-model manager is somewhat more complex. These are the dispatch routines—called when a particular event or group of events take place—and other special functions that are called in special circumstances such as when the driver needs to be loaded, when a new device is connected etc. Here the term interface functions as a collective term for these functions that can be called by the operating system is used.
When the operating system calls such interface functions, it passes a request package that contains all of the information the driver needs to perform the needed functionality. The operating system then waits for the driver to provide a return value from a predefined set of possible return values specified beforehand. The problem with this is that different operating systems are based on different architectures and hence have different interfaces and different types of request packages.
So in the case when the host operating system is either identical to the guest operating system or, is based on the same driver model such as different versions or variants of the same operating system , there should not be a problem.
However when the guest and host operating systems are based on different driver models, the driver-model interface manager see FIG. The state of a device driver and the device it controls are stored in the form of device and driver objects. DeviceObject and DriverObject are standard windows structures as can be seen at msdn. The task of the driver-model object manager is to handle and maintain the state of these objects during the runtime of all devices that are being handled by the generic driver Again the worst case scenario occurs when the guest and host operating systems are based on diverse driver models, because data will have to be translated directly or indirectly.
Even when the guest and host operating systems are identical, the fact that the same driver is used to control various devices causes the one-to-one relationship that normally exists between a driver object and a device object to change.
This problem is solved through the use of virtual driver objects, each of which is mapped to the same physical driver object and each of which handles the same device object. The host operating system device objects and driver objects are the data structures specified by the host operating system driver model in order to represent all of the static and dynamic properties belonging to a device driver and the device it represents.
The guest operating system device objects and driver objects are the data structures specified by the guest operating system driver model in order to represent all of the static and dynamic properties belonging to a device driver and the device it represents. Even though the device is identical on both guest and host operating systems, and hence the drivers will have very similar features, the data structures on the guest can have significant differences both in their format as well as in their content from their equivalent on the host operating system.
The guest device objects and driver objects is the repository of guest device and driver representations as described in the previous descriptions for every driver that the generic driver is emulating.
Host operating USB driver model data communications structures are data structures used by the host operating system to communicate with a USB device driver whenever the host operating system calls the USB device driver to execute a particular function related to the USB device it controls.
Such data includes an indication of what function is needed, information needed for the required function to be performed and information about the current state of the host. The URB structure is one example of the format of this data structure. The guest operating system USB driver model data communications structures are data structures used by the guest operating system to communicate with a USB device driver when the guest operating system calls the USB device driver to execute a particular function related to the USB device it controls.
Such data includes an indication of what function is needed, information needed for the required function to be performed and information about the current state of the guest operating system.
Even though data on both guest and host operating system is very similar from a logical point of view, the data structures on the guest operating system can have significant differences both in their format as well as in their content from their equivalent on the host operating system.
The host operating system USB driver model driver interface functions are the functions of the interface that a USB device driver provides for the host operating system to call whenever it needs the USB device driver to perform a certain task. The interface consists of a set of functions, each mapped to one specific event which triggers the host operating system to call the function.
The host operating system provides a specific operating system—dependent set of possible events that can be handled by the USB device drivers. The guest operating system USB driver model driver interface functions are the functions of the interface that the USB device driver provides for the guest operating system to call whenever it needs the USB device driver to perform a certain task. The interface consists of a set of functions, each mapped to one specific event which triggers the guest operating system to call the function.
The guest operating system provides a specific operating system-dependent set of possible events that can be handled by the USB device drivers.
This set of events can be different from the set of events provided by the host operating system More specifically, the dependency manager is called by the generic driver while emulating the device driver whenever the device driver contains branches to external code that are not part of the guest operating system's kernel. In the conventional context, the libraries or drivers containing this code are dynamically loaded by the operating system when the driver is loaded.
In the context according to the exemplary embodiment described herein, the driver analyzer would have identified such external files that are used by the device driver and provided information about them in the device driver representation it produces.
When such a call is encountered during emulation, the dependency manager is called in the same way as the API would be called when a branch to a kernel API subsystem is encountered.
In other words by accessing the device driver representation created by driver analyzer , the dependency manager can discover details of the external components see FIG. In fact, the dependency manager can be viewed as being similar to the API subsystem , with one fundamental difference.
When these are not available on the host operating system, the dependency emulator has two options. It can re-implement the functionality being called by the guest operating system into a host library or driver and call it directly. Alternatively, the function from the called driver or library can be emulated by the generic driver in the same way as the device driver itself is emulated—by making the driver analyzer create a representation of its contents, emulating its local code through the instruction emulation subsystem , and making the API subsystem handle its kernel calls.
The module starts when the generic driver interface function IF is called by the host kernel step Various host input parameters, i. The next step is the interface mapping step, in which equivalent guest interface function s are retrieved. Additionally, host data structures are converted to equivalent quest data structures. Next, various guest IF input parameters, or a sequence of Ifs, are defined to be emulated step These input parameters are data structures defined by the guest kernel's driver architecture.
At step , the first one of IF parameters is retrieved and the input parameters for that IF parameter is prepared. All assembly instructions except for external calls are then emulated step The emulated assembly instructions are output as guest assembly instructions, in the form of an instruction identifier and its arguments step The module then enters the instruction emulation subsystem step First, it is determined if the instruction is encountered step If it is, then it is determined whether there are any more Ifs to emulate step , If the instruction being emulated is not a branch instruction as determined in step , a call is made to the guest kernel API, using a guest kernel API identifier and arguments step Control then passes back to step , where the next assembly instruction is emulated and the other steps are executed with respect to that next assembly instruction.
If at step it is determined that there are more IFs to emulate, control returns to step , where the next IF is retrieved and the sequence described above is repeated. If there are no more IFs to emulate at step , the guest IF data is returned step Then interface mapping is performed by retrieving and computing the equivalent host return data step The host IF data is returned step and control is returned to the host step The module starts by a function disassembly i.
Guest assembly instructions in the form of an instruction identifier and arguments are defined step At step , the first or next instruction is retrieved. If it is determined not to be a branch instruction step , the instruction is emulated step The emulation follows the algorithm specified in the processor's instruction set specification. See bochs. All of the instruction emulation algorithms act on a virtual guest The program then goes to step to retrieve the next instruction.
If the retrieved instruction is a branch instruction step , the branch is evaluated at step If it is a jump instruction or a conditional jump Jcc instruction, the target instruction is retrieved step If it is a conditional jump Jcc instruction, the jump condition is evaluated first. If the branch instruction at step is an internal function call instruction, the called internal function disassembly is retrieved step and control returns to step If the branch instruction at step is an external function call, the external call is defined by a kernel API function identifier and arguments step Then, the generic driver core is called step to inform it that a kernel API has been called so it takes the necessary action before instruction emulation is resumed, and then control returns to step to retrieve the next instruction.
If at step , the branch instruction is a return instruction, it is determined whether it is a return to an interface or an internal function step If it is an internal function, control returns to step to retrieve the next instruction. If it is an interface return, control returns to the generic driver core step to inform the generic driver core that the requested action to emulate a particular function has been completed.
At the start of the module, a guest kernel API function identifier and associated parameters are provided by the generic driver step At step , it is determined whether the called function is available within the host kernel API.
If the called function is available, host compatible guest parameters are defined step Then the host compatible guest parameters are defined in step After defining the host compatible guest parameter in step , a parameter evaluation and update is performed step During this process, the program checks for any security flaws and updates any completion addresses to point to the generic driver functions.
Host modified parameters are defined step and the host kernel API function is called step The guest return value, equal to the host return value is determined step and control is then returned to the generic driver core step If the called function is available in a deprecated or newer version step , the equivalent API function is obtained and control passes to step If the function is not available, guest parameters that are not host compatible are defined step The API function is then emulated step The guest operating system subsystem is then emulated step The guest return value not host compatible is then determined step A host compatible return value is created based on the guest return value step The host compatible return value is returned step and control is then returned to the generic driver step The present invention can be configured to work in a network environment that includes a computer that is in communication, via a communications network, with one or more devices.
The computer may communicate with the devices directly or indirectly, via a wired or wireless medium such as the Internet, LAN, WAN or Ethernet, Token Ring, or via any appropriate communications means or combination of communications means.
Any number and type of machines may be in communication with the computer. The operating environment in which the present invention is used encompasses the general distributed computing system, wherein general purpose computers, workstations, or personal computers hereinafter local nodes are connected via communication links of various types, in a client-server arrangement, wherein programs and data, many in the form of objects, are made available by various members of the system. Some of the elements of a general purpose workstation computer are shown in FIG.
Also included is a printer 13 connected to the computer through a USP port Other peripherals may be connected as well through any number of USB ports supportable by the computer system being used. The computer program products containing mechanisms to effectuate the apparatus and methods of the present invention may reside in the memory section 4 , or on a disk storage unit 9 , or on the CD-ROM 8 of such a system.
Specifically, FIG. As with other embodiments described herein, this is provided by way of example only, and is not intended to be the only way of implementing the functions described herein.
Other ways are possible, within the skill of the ordinary artisan. Both are standard processes, and were re-written according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention to store the output in xml format. At least one section will always be the code section , and other section such as the init section can also contain code. The presence of code within sections is determined through section characteristics flags within the section headers Other sections will contain standard PE tables sys file sections information However, after testing the headers of the two main test drivers as well as all the sys files currently within the test machine's drivers folder during the test implementation, it was found that typical drivers only contain the tables that are highlighted with larger text in the figure import table - 1 , export table - 2 , certificate table - 5 , base relocation table - 6 , and import address table - The format and specifications for those tables are known in the art.
A number of drivers contained a certificate table - 5 , a resources table - 3 and a debug section - 7. Other tables included an exception table - 4 , an architecture section - 8 , a global pointer section - 9 , a thread local storage table - 10 , a load configuration table - 11 , a bound import table - 12 , a delay import descriptor table - 14 , a CLR runtime header - 15 , and a reserved table - Basic handling was implemented within the parser but not all detail was extracted since it is not needed for an understanding of the present invention.
One note about the base relocation table - 6 : although the guest device driver will never be loaded on the host operating system using the described approach, this section is very important to obtain the addresses of important place-holders, such as any virtual addresses stored within the driver's code branch instructions. It goes through the code section , starting from the Driver Entry—which is part of the PE Information —using the algorithm described in the above description.
By the end of this process, all relevant static information would have been extracted from the device driver To model the driver's code and interfaces, through the static analysis tools just described, 2 out of the 3 elements of platform interface information that one needs to implement the invention are already in hand.
These are: 1 the processor instructions used by the driver disassembled driver —obtained through the X86 code disassembler ; and 2 the kernel API functions called by the driver—obtained through the PE information in the parsed PE file The final needed element is the driver's primary entry points, i.
These are a must, when later on the GDI receives calls—on behalf of the guest driver—from the kernel, it will know which functions it should interpret. Finally, the internal disassembled code within each function is modeled in terms of local code snippets through the code semantics analyzer As it can be seen from FIG.
A local instruction is any x86 non-branching assembly instruction. This had to be added for simplifying the implementation so that every jump branch points to the start of a snippet. The Return branch representation contains data about arguments - 6 that need to be popped from the stack on return. For the API branch instructions, the target - 0 , - 4 is the program interface to which control is to be transferred. For the conditional jump - 1 instruction, the target - 1 is the individual snippet to which control is to be transferred if the condition is satisfied, and for the unconditional jump - 3 , the target - 3 is also the snippet to which control is to be passed.
The function call branch - 2 , having index as its argument, calls function - 0 , with snippet 0 - 1 as its argument. At this stage all the relevant driver contents and properties are modeled. What is left now is to store all this information in a platform-independent and machine-understandable format. Standard XML was the natural choice for the following reasons: 1. The properties , headers , and tables nodes are all part of the PE Information extracted by the sys file parser while the driver code model is demonstrated by the example in FIG.
The properties include such information as the path , the size , the signature and the DOS-Stub For almost all HP products, the product information label can be found from one of the following locations : A label attached to the product usually on the underside Laser etching on the surface of the product Inside the battery compartment A purchase invoice or receipt Product packaging or shipping box Documentation that came with the product.
Examples of where to find your product information label. Select a location. Europe, Middle East, Africa. Asia Pacific and Oceania. Select a language. Confirm Back. The Virtual Agent is currently unavailable. Please try again shortly. Need help troubleshooting? Just ask. Try asking HP's Virtual Agent. Session timed out.
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